Building Resilient Cloud Over Unreliable Commodity Infrastructure

Cloud Computing has emerged as a successful computing paradigm for efficiently utilizing managed compute infrastructure such as high speed rack-mounted servers, connected with high speed networking, and reliable storage. Usually such infrastructure is dedicated, physically secured and has reliable power and networking infrastructure. However, much of our idle compute capacity is present in unmanaged infrastructure like idle desktops, lab machines, physically distant server machines, and laptops. We present a scheme to utilize this idle compute capacity on a best-effort basis and provide high availability even in face of failure of individual components or facilities. We run virtual machines on the commodity infrastructure and present a cloud interface to our end users. The primary challenge is to maintain availability in the presence of node failures, network failures, and power failures. We run multiple copies of a Virtual Machine (VM) redundantly on geographically dispersed physical machines to achieve availability. If one of the running copies of a VM fails, we seamlessly switchover to another running copy. We use Virtual Machine Record/Replay capability to implement this redundancy and switchover. In current progress, we have implemented VM Record/Replay for uniprocessor machines over Linux/KVM and are currently working on VM Record/Replay on shared-memory multiprocessor machines. We report initial experimental results based on our implementation.Comment: Oral presentation at IEEE "Cloud Computing for Emerging Markets", Oct. 11-12, 2012, Bangalore, Indi

System Support for Bandwidth Management and Content Adaptation in Internet Applications

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an operating system module, the Congestion Manager (CM), which provides integrated network flow management and exports a convenient programming interface that allows applications to be notified of, and adapt to, changing network conditions. We describe the API by which applications interface with the CM, and the architectural considerations that factored into the design. To evaluate the architecture and API, we describe our implementations of TCP; a streaming layered audio/video application; and an interactive audio application using the CM, and show that they achieve adaptive behavior without incurring much end-system overhead. All flows including TCP benefit from the sharing of congestion information, and applications are able to incorporate new functionality such as congestion control and adaptive behavior.Comment: 14 pages, appeared in OSDI 200

Mortality and morbidity profile of preterm very low birth weight infants: A prospective longitudinal observational study

Objective: To study the survival to discharge and immediate outcome of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Materials and Methods: Design: Prospective observational longitudinal study. Setting: Level II neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care center. Subjects: All live born inborn babies with birth weight 401-1499 g or gestational age between 22 weeks 0 day and 31 weeks 9 days. Outcome: Key outcome was survival to discharge for preterm VLBW infants. Incidence of major morbidities was assessed. Results: Of 183 neonates enrolled in the study, 73.2% babies were alive at initial disposition. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common morbidity, and infection was the most common cause of death. Lower gestational age and low APGAR score at 1 min were the most significant predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline database for evaluating the efficiency of perinatal services in a tertiary care center. Further large-scale trials are needed to substantiate our findings and to study neurodevelopmental outcome of VLBW infants

Management of Flexion Contracture in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Fixed flexion deformity at knee is common in osteoarthritic knee and is a combination of bony deformity, capsular and ligamentous deformity. It affects knee biomechanics in terms of increased forces at the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint. This in turn makes carrying out of routine daily activities like walking or use of staircase very difficult. Therefore, it is essential to correct this deformity at the time of operative intervention. Major interventions like posterior capsular release and removal of osteophytes and adequate bony resection helps in correcting the deformity. Post operatively, use of extension night splints and adequate physiotherapy can help in correcting the residual deformity left over at the time of knee arthroplasty

Uma Abordagem de Comunicação para o Desenvolvimento na Erradicação da Poliomielite: a Índia como um caso de sucesso: divulgação, extensão e estratégia interpessoal

A comunicação para o desenvolvimento (C4D) foi identificada como um fator importante na erradicação da poliomielite na Índia. A Índia foi aclamada como um caso de sucesso, pois conheceu a utilização inovadora de dados epidemiológicos e a aplicação de múltiplos canais de comunicação, especialmente para o programa de erradicação da poliomielite. Também se percebeu que a comunicação para a erradicação da poliomielite promoveu principalmente a queda da vacina contra a poliomielite, enquanto os principais fatores causais, como baixas taxas de imunização de rotina, falta de saneamento básico, falta de água potável e nutrição inadequada, responsáveis ​​pela disseminação do vírus da poliomielite, não têm sido promovidos, enquanto conteúdo da mudança de comportamento. A pesquisa foi realizada em aglomerados suburbanos em torno da capital Delhi, habitada por migrantes de dois estados indianos. A pesquisa documentou que o conhecimento e as perceções de um grande número de comunidades são muito baixos, em relação à recuperação de quaisquer fatores causais que levam à transmissão da poliomielite. A investigação concluiu que, para que os comportamentos mudem, é necessário ter em conta tabus culturais, normas sociais e desigualdades estruturais, incluindo uma ênfase especial nos colonos migrantes. As estratégias de comunicação devem estar cientes e sintonizadas com o ambiente político e legislativo e também vinculadas aos aspetos de prestação de serviços para os mais vulneráveis ​​e excluídos socialmente

Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common procedures performed in orthopedics. The research has focused extensively on surgical technique factors like tunnel position, graft choices, fixation methods, and rehabilitation protocols following surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of each graft option shall help in deciding the correct graft in an individual case. A thorough understanding of anatomy and biomechanics of normal ACL has improved the understanding of complexities of knee joint stabilization over the preceding decades. The chapter shall discuss in detail about the anatomy, biomechanics, and surgical techniques along with postoperative rehabilitation protocol in current perspective

Fekete-Szegö Problem for a New Class of Analytic Functions

We consider the Fekete-Szegö problem with complex parameter for the class () of analytic functions

EFFECT OF DIETARY FACTORS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN CKD PATIENTS ON TREATMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING IN NORTH INDIA

Objective: The control of phosphorus and calcium metabolism is one of the objectives in treatment protocol for CKD patients. The levels of these minerals in serum are affected by dietary patterns and nutritional status of the patients. India being a large country, diet patterns vary from one state to another. Thus, we suspect a close association between dietary intake and alterations in homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus in CKD patients. Therefore, we conduct this study to describe the effect of dietary factors and nutritional status on serum calcium and phosphorus levels in CKD patients on treatment in a tertiary care setting in North India. Methods: In the present study 330 CKD patients coming to dialysis unit, were recorded with detailed Medical history as well as baseline demographic data. Also, biochemical analysis of serum albumin corrected, calcium, phosphorus, and serum albumin of all cases were done using fully automated equipment. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Majority (58.2 %) of the study patients were vegetarians with a mean value of BMI (Mean±SD=23.75±4.70 kg/m2). A negative but significant correlation was found between corrected calcium and phosphorus with 0.05 level of confidence interval (r=-0.149, p= 0.007). Conclusion: It was found that the well-nourished patients were more likely to be hyperphosphatemic as compared to poorly nourished patients, but statistically the values were found to be nonsignificant (Statistically p-value was not less than 0.05).                  Peer Review History: Received 23 November 2019;   Revised 12 December 2019; Accepted 1 January, Available online 15 January 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Mohammad Tauseef, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, [email protected]  Similar Articles: NEW ERA OF MEDICINE: ROLE OF NUTRACEUTICALS IN TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF VARIOUS DISEASE